In 2024, Colombia approved only three constitutional amendments despite numerous failed proposals, reflecting strong constitutional rigidity and persistent legislative deadlock. The approved reforms expanded pension benefits for members of the Armed Forces, formally renamed the Air Force as the Aerospace Force in compliance with a Constitutional Court ruling, and strengthened fiscal decentralization by increasing resource transfers to territorial entities and prioritizing education funding. Although most initiatives did not advance, the Constitutional Court played a key role by safeguarding constitutional supremacy through judicial review of ordinary laws. Looking ahead, constitutional debate is expected to intensify in 2025 with the government’s proposal to convene a popular referendum on reforms previously rejected by Congress.