Colombia is one of the most unequal countries in the most unequal region of the world. Which is the role of the constitutional courts and how can they address the challenges generated by structural inequality to materialize the constitutional promise of equality? This document analyses the principal tools used by constitutional courts and approaches structural discrimination, subjects of special constitutional protection and discriminated or marginalized groups, amongst other instruments. The text is based on the practice of the Constitutional Court of Colombia, one of the most representative courts in the constitutionalism of the global south. In global comparative law, this Court is recognized for making great efforts to insert itself into the transformative constitutionalism and, thus, attempting to make the constitutional promise of equality a reality.